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          RTMP
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        <p>RTMP，Real Time Messaging Protocol，使用TCP，默认在1935端口上传输一般的FLV格式流。</p>
<p>优点：</p>
<ul>
<li>支持加密</li>
<li>隐私性好</li>
<li>实时性好</li>
<li>延迟相对较低</li>
</ul>
<p>缺点：</p>
<ul>
<li>使用非公共端口，可能被防火墙拦截；</li>
<li>跨平台差</li>
</ul>
<p>常用应用领域：</p>
<ul>
<li>娱乐直播</li>
<li>点播</li>
</ul>
<p>应用会比HLS更为广泛，主要还是因为传输效率较高、基建比较成熟。</p>
<p>发展方向：使用UDP逐渐替代TCP方案，把传输做薄。</p>
<p>RTMP是在TCP建立连接的基础之上传输，即底层使用使用TCP的。经过RTMP握手后，建立RTMP <strong>Connetction</strong>，然后<strong>stream</strong>传输。</p>
<p>创建流的基本流程：</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>通过socket建立TCP连接；</li>
<li>RTMP握手；</li>
<li>建立RTMP连接；</li>
<li>创建RTMP流。</li>
</ol>
<p>握手过程：</p>
<figure>
<img src="https://gitee.com/bqlin/image-land/raw/master/截屏2021-06-03%20下午6.17.58.png" alt="握手" /><figcaption aria-hidden="true">握手</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>建立连接的过程：</p>
<figure>
<img src="https://gitee.com/bqlin/image-land/raw/master/r4TCIf.png" alt="建立连接" /><figcaption aria-hidden="true">建立连接</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>创建流的过程：</p>
<figure>
<img src="https://gitee.com/bqlin/image-land/raw/master/CjhJhz.png" alt="创建流" /><figcaption aria-hidden="true">创建流</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>推流过程：</p>
<figure>
<img src="https://gitee.com/bqlin/image-land/raw/master/QvkEbr.png" alt="推流" /><figcaption aria-hidden="true">推流</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>拉流过程：</p>
<figure>
<img src="https://gitee.com/bqlin/image-land/raw/master/XQBrlm.png" alt="拉流" /><figcaption aria-hidden="true">拉流</figcaption>
</figure>
<h2 id="消息格式">消息格式</h2>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/bqlin/image-land/raw/master/S8cLlD.png" /></p>
<p>当连接建立好后，就可以发送消息了，RTMP消息有固定的格式，如上图，这是RTMP协议中最复杂的部分。</p>
<p>如一般网络协议，整个RTMP的消息由Header和Body组成。</p>
<p>Header分为三个部分：</p>
<ul>
<li>Basic Header，必有</li>
<li>Message Header，可选</li>
<li>Extended Timestamp，可选</li>
</ul>
<p>后两者是否存在是根据Basic Header的值决定的。</p>
<p>Basic Header的大小也是动态变化的，其大小由第一个字节决定。Basic Header第一个字节组成：</p>
<ul>
<li>前2位：fmt。</li>
<li>后6位：取值为0、1、2～63。约束当前或后续字节是否为chunk string id（CSID）。
<ul>
<li>0，则表示整个Basic Header占2个字节，即使用第2个字节表达CSID。</li>
<li>1，则表示整个Basic Header占4个字节，即使用后续3个字节表达CSID。</li>
<li>2～63，则表示整个Basic Header占1个字节，即fmt后面的6位是CSID。自己使用的话基本够用。</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p>Message Header是可选的，也是动态大小的。这两者都是由Basic Header的fmt决定的，fmt是2位，可表示以下状态：</p>
<ul>
<li>00，Message Header最长，占11字节，即包含：TimeStamp(3) + MegLength(3) + TypeID(1) + StreamID(4)。</li>
<li>01，Message Header占7字节，即包含：TimeStamp(3) + MegLength(3) + TypeID(1)。</li>
<li>10，Message Header占3字节，即包含：TimeStamp(3)。</li>
<li>11，没有Message Header。</li>
</ul>
<p>之所以是可变的，是因为同一个流、同一个包分为多个消息/chunk/块传输，有很多信息只需要传一次就可以，后续客户端收到的信息复用前面的信息即可。</p>
<p>当用Message Header还表达信息的时候，就需要Extended Timestamp。当Message Header中的TimeStamp值为0xFFFFFF时，就存在Extended Timestamp。</p>
<h3 id="消息类型typeid">消息类型/TypeID</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>TypeID</th>
<th>作用</th>
<th>SID</th>
<th>CSID</th>
<th>分类</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>1</td>
<td>Set Chunk Size</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>控制消息</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>2</td>
<td>Abort Message</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>控制消息</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>3</td>
<td>Acknowledgement</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>控制消息</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>5</td>
<td>Window Acknowlegement Size</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>控制消息</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>6</td>
<td>Set Peer Bandwidth</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>控制消息</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>8</td>
<td>音频数据</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>9</td>
<td>视频数据</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>15（AMF3），18（AFM0）</td>
<td>Data Message</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>命令消息</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>16（AFM3），19（AFM0）</td>
<td>Shared Object Message</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>命令消息</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>17（AFM3），20（AFM0）</td>
<td>Command Message</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>命令消息</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>22</td>
<td>Aggregate Message</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>AMF是Flash的编码数据格式，其形式像KLV（Key+Length+Value）。</p>

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